(i) Total number of balls in the bag = 8

No of red balls = 3

Let E be the event of getting a red ball, then

No of favourable outcomes = No of red balls = 3

No of possible outcomes = No of total balls = 8

The probability of the ball drawn to be red:

Hence, the probability of getting a red ball is 3/8.

(ii) We know that:

where E and are complementary events, as getting a red ball and not getting a red ball are complementary events

Hence,

The probability of not getting the red ball

= 1 - Probability of getting a red ball

= 1 – 3/8

= 5/8

Hence, the probability of getting a ball not red is 5/8.

OR

Total numbers of elementary events are: 3 × 3 = 9

Let E be the event of (xy < 9)

Favourable outcomes are: 1 × 1 = 1, 1 × 4 = 4, 2 × 1 = 2, 2 × 4 = 8, 3 × 1 = 3

Numbers of favourable outcomes are: 5

P(xy < 9) = 5/9