Q2 of 95 Page 83

Why is it necessary to know the blood groups before giving transfusion?

It is necessary to know the blood groups before giving transfusion otherwise the red blood cells of the blood donated becomes agglutinated and block the blood vessels and may prove fatal. The antibodies in the donors' blood are not significant during transfusion as it gets diluted when mixed with the plasma of the recipient and is not able to cause much agglutination.










































Blood group of donor



Blood group of recipients




A



B



AB (universal recipient)



O



A



C*



NC



C



NC



B



NC*



C



C



NC



AB



NC



NC



C



NC



O (universal donor)



C



C



C



C



Carl Landsteiner discovered that the blood of individuals differed chemically. Accordingly, he recognized two types of antigens present on the plasma membrane of red blood cells and two types of antibodies present in the blood.







































Blood group



Antigen present



Antibody present



Can donate blood to



Can receive blood from



A



A



b (anti-B antibody)



A and AB



A and O



B



B



an (anti-A antibody)



B and AB



B and O



AB



A and B



None



AB



All



O



None



Both anti-A antibody and anti-B antibody)



All



O



*Note - C: Compatible. NC: Non-Compatible


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2

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The cells that initiate blood clotting.

 1

Enumerate the structural differences between white blood cells and red blood cells.

 3

Differentiate between members of each of the following pairs with reference to phrases in brackets:

(a) Antibodies and antibiotics (Source)


(b) RBC and WBC (Structure)


(c) Serum and vaccine (Composition)

 4

Complete the following statement by filling in the blank from the choices given in the brackets.

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