Evaluate the following products without actual multiplication.
101 × 99
101 can be written as (100 + 1) and
99 can be written as (100 - 1)
⇒ 101 × 99 = (100 + 1) × (100 - 1)
using the identity (a + b) × (a – b) = a2 – b2
here a = 100 and b = 1
⇒ 101 × 99 = 1002 – 12
⇒ 101 × 99 = 10000 – 1
⇒ 101 × 99 = 9999
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