Q9 of 44 Page 79

Describe the role of CaCl2 in the preparation of competent cells?

•CaCl2 is known to make bacterial cell wall competent.


•When Ca2+ ions are rubbed against the cell wall it results in enlargement of the diameter of the pores and allows the uptake of foreign DNA fragment.


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A mixture of fragmented DNA was electrophoresed in an agarose gel. After staining the gel with ethidium bromide, no DNA bands were observed. What could be the reason?

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What would happen when one grows a recombinant bacterium in a bioreactor but forget to add antibiotic to the medium in which the recombinant is growing?

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Identify and explain steps ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ in the PCR diagram given below.