How can a bioreactor be made to function at optimal state in order to obtain a desired foreign gene product? Explain.

Recombinant DNA technology involves the introduction of a foreign DNA into the genome of interest. The gene which is introduced is the recombinant gene and the technique is called the recombinant DNA technology. The final aim of this process is to obtain a desirable protein. Once the foreign DNA is inserted, it is multiplied and the desired protein is produced. At last, it has to be maintained in the host and transferred to the offspring. For the production of the desired protein, the gene encodes for it needs to be displayed. This happens only under optimized conditions. Not only the target protein has to be expressed but has to be produced on a large scale. The recombinant cells can be multiplied in large scale using culture system, where the cells are cultured in a large container and the medium is refreshed on a regular interval to maintain the optimum conditions. This helps to culture a large portion of the desired protein. This was achieved by the development of bioreactor. The bioreactor is a large container where the different cells such as human or plant, or animal cell are used to culture biological products. It provides optimum conditions like temperature, pH, substrate, oxygen required for the culturing of desired products. Two types bioreactors used for this purpose which are simple stirred-tank bioreactor and sparged stirred-tank bioreactor.