With the revolution in information technology, now it has become an integral part of everybody’s life, living in rural and urban India. You are asked to address the gathering of students of eco-clubs of your neighbourhood schools on generation and management of e-waste.

(a) Write how e-waste is generated.

(b) Explain how would you address the awareness issue of e-waste management amongst the students.

(c) How have the developed countries exploited the developing countries with respect to e-waste managements ?

Explain with the help of two examples how certain plants have evolved morphological and chemical defences against primary consumers such as cows and goats.

What type of organs eye of an Octopus and that of a human called ? Give another example from the animal group and one from the plants of such organs. Name and explain the evolutionary process they exhibit.

(a) Explain the steps involved in in vitro fertilisation popularly known as test tube baby programme.

(b) State the importance of this programme.

OR

(a) State one difference and one similarity between geitonogamy and xenogamy.

(b) Explain any three devices developed in flowering plants to discourage self pollination and encourage cross pollination.

(a) Hershey and Chase carried their experiment in three steps : infection, blending, centrifugation. Explain each step.

(b) Write the conclusion and interpretation of the result they obtained.

OR

Taking an example of white-winged moths and dark-winged moths of England in pre and post industrialised era, explain evolution by natural selection.